"The Blood Is the Life!"

If you're not sick of vampire posts today--or this week--then, here's one more for you, from the vampire queen (me).

Before I go further, let me explain that when I was a teenager, I got into vampires, and the interest has stayed with me. I wrote my first vampire novel (unpublished), in 1980-'83. Now I write a series with vampires and whatnot, and I have a blast doing it!

Being that my interests were cut and clear (and they just don't teach this stuff in school, y'know?), I had to investigate it all on my own. I researched the hell out of it, looking up anything in the library that had to do with vampires, and anything in the newspapers got clipped out, and I still have those browned clippings in a file.

My first experience with the vampire came from watching the old films such as "Dracula" with Bela Lugosi. His performance as Dracula is unforgettable--on stage as well as on screen. He was the film personification of dark evil. I must say, I enjoyed staying up late just to watch these films (all of the monster movies), and earned the reputation as being "weird". Now, vampires are cool. Go figure. I think vampires, and people who get into them has finally come full circle.

Bela Lugosi as Dracula

The word 'vampire' is a Romanian word meaning 'blood-drinker'. The bat who dons this name was given it by Cortez when he remembered the vampire legends of Europe.

So how was it that the term came to apply to humans? During the middle ages European nobles interbred and this led to various genetic disorders--as one can imagine. But one was hemophilia. In this case the term "Royal Blood" held more than water in this case. Among the many disorders there was one which didn't gain enough medical attention. In fact, its mysterious problems probably caused too much attention, as far as the sufferer was concerned. This decease is called erythropoietic protoporphyria (say that three times fast--just typing it was hard, and I'm not even sure it's spelled correctly). This disorder causes the body to produce too much porphyrin, which is a substance all red blood cells must have to be normal. The absence of such results in redness of the skin, eyes and teeth. Even the upper lip tends to recede. But the most bizarre thing that really made the poor soul's life hell is that they were allergic to sunlight. The skin would crack and bleed. Yeah, nice, huh? So, you can just figure that doctors who didn't know how to treat the disease came up with having the patient locked up in a dark cellar or attic during the daylight hours (to prevent bleeding), and for any loss of blood, they were given blood to drink--gak! I'm sure it was probably animal. Transfusions were not yet invented.

Just think of the rumors which must have run rampant in a small village back then! Keeping a child, or adult in a dark cellar during the day and let out at night to drink blood!

Now, back to Dracula. As we all know Bram Stoker did NOT invent the vampire. He DID invent his character "Dracula". So, where did Stoker get the idea of vampires? He was influenced heavily by a 900-page "penny dreadful" novel called, "Varny the Vampyre", which was written by James Malcolm Rymer. The story was written in 109 weekly installments in the mid-1800's. It was the first vampire novel in English, and the first vampire fiction since the original short story by John Polidori "The Vampyre".

But where these two authors bring nothing new to the whole vampire literature scene, Bram had a fantastic idea and used an historical figure who was, himself, pretty much the bloodiest psychotic of them all, bar none.

Enter Drakulya, aka The Impaler.

Dracula, Vlad Tepes (the Impaler)
(1431-76)

First of all the names of Dracula and his father Dracul are important. Both father and son had the given name "Vlad". The names "Dracul" and "Dracula" are nicknames, and to be really confusing, these nicknames had two meanings. "Dracul" meant "devil," as it still does in Romanian today. In addition it meant "dragon."  Of course they were in the Order of the Dragon--a semi-monastic, semi-military organization dedicated to fighting the Turks. From what I've dug up is that Dracula means "son of the dragon" or "son of the devil." A most important point in this is that the words "devil" and "vampire" are interchangeable. Interesting. No?

Bram's Stoker's novel Dracula is one of the most horrifying books in English literature. Published in May of 1897, and was an immediate success, and has never been out of print, and is still a best seller.

Possibly the setting for Dracula in Transylvania was because it was, and still is, a far-away land, where anything can happen. It even sounds exotic!

Now, also there is the blatant sexual fantasies derived from the story, and those that follow it (including the films). Much of the novel's appeal comes from its hostility toward female sexuality. You've got the Oedipus complex--a kind of incestuous, necrophilous, oral-anal-sadistic thing going on throughout. What are we talking about? The blood-sucking? Pleeeeeze! It's core fantasy is all sexual.

Well, I see the hour is getting late, and I must leave you. If you have never picked up Bram Stoker's Dracula, you should, if you enjoy vampires. Speaking of which, I haven't opened my copy in a while. I may just have to pick it up again.

Let me leave you with a little bit from Dracula. Set up, Harker is snooping around the castle, trying to find a way out. He is being held captive. Finally he stumbles across boxes--coffins?

"There, in one of the great boxes, of which there were fifty in all, on a pile of newly dug earth, lay the Count! He was either dead or asleep, I could not say which--for the eyes were open and stony, but without the glassiness of death--and the cheeks had the warmth of life through all their pallor, and the lips were as red as ever. But there was not sign of movement, no pulse, no breath, no beating of the heart. I bent over him, and tried to find any sign of life, but in vain. He could not have lain there long, for  the earthy smell would have passed away in a few hours. By the side of the box was its cover, pierced with holes here and there. I thought he might have the keys on him, but when I went to search I saw the dead eyes, and in them, dead though they were, such a look of hate, though unconscious of me or my presence, that I fled again up the castle wall. Regaining my own chamber, I threw myself panting upon the bed and tried to think..."

John's Corner of Horror: The "Immortal" Bela Lugosi

Around 1931, the financially struggling film studio Universal was looking for a way to bolster its sagging empire and decided on making a film of the stage-play Dracula by Hamilton Deane and John L. Balderston which was mildly based on the actual novel by Bram Stoker. For obvious reasons the entire novel was fairly well scrapped in favor of Deane and Balderston’s re-working of the story. Despite this fact the play was a staggering success which toured for years. When it made a trip across the Atlantic was the moment “the spirit of Bram Stoker” (say that with tongue firmly planted in cheek huh?) kicked in and my favorite actor in the role of Dracula took over: Bela Lugosi.

Mr. Lugosi was a Hungarian stage trained actor who had done numerous plays, including a portrayal of Jesus Christ, and had a few films under his belt when he won the role of the mysterious Count Dracula. I cannot confirm this but it is said that before the play he underwent hypnosis to become this immortal Transylvanian monarch who had lived for five centuries off the blood of others. Needless to say Bela was a hit in the role and even rode the success to the United States.

Now back to Universal. Carl Laemmle, head of Universal, envisioned the movie to be on a lavish scale of the Phantom of the Opera and The Hunchback of Notre Dame silent films starring his favorite actor Lon Chaney (Sr). Unfortunately Mr. Chaney had already succumbed to throat cancer by the time production was underway. The search for the actor to replace Chaney was a chaotic and fruitless one. Laemmle wasn’t interested in Bela Lugosi for whatever insane reason. Most likely he felt Mr. Lugosi “too ethnic” and assumed the “audience” wouldn’t be able to understand him despite the clear fact that Bela was very easy to understand. Gee . . . imagine Hollywood underestimating its audience. Finally, after some very staunch lobbying from Bela himself, Laemmle acquiesced and gave Bela the role at 500 dollars a week which was a pittance compared to what the other cast members made.

The director was Tod Browning with a very talented Karl Freund using some very effective moving camera scenes, notably in Dracula’s Transylvanian crypt and Seward’s Sanatorium scene, otherwise the camera held quite still for most of the movie. It’s said that Tod Browning, being a silent film director, wasn’t comfortable with the sound movie process and not happy that Lon Chaney wasn’t around to make this movie with. He kept the movie on schedule which wasn’t easy as they simultaneously shot a Spanish version at night, and an extra silent version for theaters who hadn’t quite caught up to “talkie movies” yet.

As I said, the film was based off the stage-play and they filmmakers made some changes for atmospheric reasons clearly. The play was more drawing room style for financial reasons, so Browning & company added the thrilling journey of Renfield to Dracula’s castle and what occurs there. An especially prominent addition was the classic line “I never drink . . . wine.”

This line was used twice again, in the 1979 Frank Langella remake and Gary Oldman’s movie who said in an interview that he wanted to speak that line as a nod to Bela Lugosi’s classic performance.

The sets for this movie are still an incredible thing to look at. The look of Dracula’s dilapidated castle and the Cairfax Abbey are astonishing to behold. The most effective portrayal in the movie is certainly Bela Lugosi’s. His physical bearing and his psychological jumps between well mannered Count and seething, menacing creature from hell are still wonderful and overall his portrayal of the king of vampires is still considered definitive despite the excellent depictions by Christopher Lee, Jack Palance, Louis Jourdan, and Frank Langella as well as others.

Dracula was a definitive success. When the film finally premiered at the Roxy Theatre in New York on Feb. 12, 1931, newspapers reported that members of the audiences fainted in shock at the horror on screen. This publicity, shrewdly orchestrated by the film studio, helped ensure people came to see the film, if for no other reason than curiosity. Dracula was a big gamble for a major Hollywood studio to undertake. In spite of the literary credentials of the source material, it was uncertain if an American audience was prepared for a serious full length supernatural chiller. Within 48 hours of its opening at New York's Roxy Theatre, it had sold 50,000 tickets. Later in 1931, Universal would release Frankenstein to even greater acclaim. Universal in particular would become the forefront of early horror cinema, with a canon of films including, The Mummy (1932), The Invisible Man (1933), Bride of Frankenstein (1935) and The Wolf Man (1941)*.

Yet despite his wonderful interpretation of the immortal vampire, Count Bela was shamefully treated by the machine that is Hollywood. Between his addiction to painkillers from a war injury which aggravated a severe sciatica problem he was woefully typecast as a villain only actor. What is it about the money counters being allowed creative input when their only contribution to movies is to sell them? Eventually Universal dropped their horror studio abruptly after the Black Lagoon creature features and Bela was thrown to the Hollywood wolves that used his name and talent as a vehicle for some good, and quite a few movies that were not good including the infamous Ed Wood who churned out some seriously untalented films. Bela died practically in poverty. My favorite singer Frank Sinatra is said to have visited Bela during one of his hospital stays, and pay for his bills. Bela never knew Frank which made his kindness to him all the more startling. I wouldn’t be surprised to find out “Ol Blue Eyes” was a Lugosi Dracula fan! Bela died at age 72 at home while resting on a couch. The cause was a heart attack.

It is said that while attending his funeral fellow typecast Peter Lorre leaned over to Vincent Price and whispered, “Should we drive a stake through his heart, just in case?"

Despite all the good and bad, there remains Bela’s indelible performance of Dracula and his undeniable talent as an actor. Had he been given the chance it only remains to speculation as to what other roles he would have made legendary.

R.I.P. Bela Lugosi 1882 - 1956

* Direct quotes from the Wikipedia article entitled Dracula (1931 film)